Abstract Objectives This study aimed to assess the prevalence of oral lesions in patients living with HIV infection and their association with CD4 count, viral load, and antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 161 patients attending the… All the patients were examined for their oral lesions, current CD4 counts, type, and duration of the therapy. Data analyses were carried out using Chi-Square, Student T/Mann-Whitney, and logistic regression tests. Results Oral lesions were observed in 58.39% of patients with HIV. Periodontal disease with 78 (48.45%) or without mobility 79 (49.07%) was observed more frequently, followed by hyperpigmentation of oral mucosa 23 (14.29%), Linear Gingival Erythema (LGE) 15 (9.32%), candidiasis pseudomembranous 14 (8.70%). Oral Hairy Leukoplakia (OHL) was observed only in 3 (1.86%). A relationship between periodontal disease with dental mobility and smoking was found (p = 0.04), as well duration of treatment (p = 1.53e-3) and age (p = 0.02). Hyperpigmentation was related to race (p = 0.01) and smoking (p = 1.30e-6). CD4 count, CD4:CD8 ratio, viral load, or type of treatment were not associated with oral lesions. Logistic regression showed that the duration of treatment has a protective effect on the periodontal disease with dental mobility (OR = 0.28 [−2.27 to −0.25]; p-value = 0.03), independent of age or smoking. To hyperpigmentation, the best model included smoking (OR = 8.47 [1.18-3.10], p = 1.31e-5), without race or type and duration of treatment. Conclusion Among HIV patients undergoing antiretroviral treatment, oral lesions can be observed, predominantly periodontal disease. Pseudomembranous candidiasis and oral hairy leukoplakia were also observed. No relationship was found between associated oral manifestations in HIV patients and the start of the treatment, TCD4+ and TCD8+ cell count, TCD4:TCD8 ratio, or viral load. The data indicate that there is a protective effect of duration of treatment with relation to periodontal disease with mobility and that hyperpigmentation seems to be more related to smoking than type and duration of treatment. Level of evidence Level 3 (OCEBM Levels of Evidence Working Group*. "The Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence").

Aim To evaluate the resistance of the union between a glass fiber post and radicular dentine after cleaning the root with 17% EDTA and filling with different endodontic cements. Methods Forty uniradicular bovine incisors were removed to obtain root lengths of 18 mm. Endodontic treatment was performed on all roots using different filling cements (zinc oxide and eugenol-based, OZE; cement based on epoxy resin, AH) and cleaning solutions (saline, SA or EDTA), which made it possible to obtain four groups: OZESA, OZEEDTA, AHSA and AHEDTA. Subsequently, 12 mm of filling material was removed from the roots, and they were prepared to receive fiber posts luted with resin cement. To execute the mechanical cycles (2x106 cycles, 90 N, 4 Hz), coronal reconstruction was performed with a silicon matrix. The roots were then sliced (2-mm thick) to perform the push-out test. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance (one factor and two factors) and Tukey’s test (α=0,05). Results Bond strength (Mpa) was significantly higher for OZEEDTA (9,18) and AHEDTA (8,70) than for OZESA (6,06) AHSA (8,7). OZEEDTA also presented the highest values in the cervical region (15,18) but was significantly lower in the apical region (2,99). However, AHEDTA had a homogeneous bond strength in all thirds. Conclusion Regardless of the endodontic cement used, EDTA was used as an irrigating solution, culminating in a higher bond strength between the glass fiber post and dentin.

SUMMARY: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and location of maxillary sinus septa prior to dental implant therapy in different age groups by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and identify the most helpful orthogonal plane for this purpose. CBCT scans of 200 patients were selected. The final sample was divided into four groups according to age: (1) 30-39 y.o.; (2) 40-49 y.o.; (3) 50-59 y.o.; (4) +60 y.o. Three calibrated examiners assessed the presence and location (anterior, middle, posterior) of sinus septa using all orthogonal slices. The prevalence of septa per region and plane was compared by chi-square test. Among 359 maxillary sinuses evaluated, it was observed at least one septum in 163 sinuses (45.4 %). Overall, the anterior region was the most prevalent. However, when the age groups were considered, the anterior region was only the most prevalent in groups 2 and 3. The middle and posterior regions were more prevalent in groups 4 and 1, respectively. In conclusion, the prevalence of maxillary sinus septa in patients who were candidate to dental implant therapy was notably high. It was observed that the anterior region of the sinus was the most prevalent and the axial slice was the most representative.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la prevalencia y localización del septo del seno maxilar antes del tratamiento con implantes dentales en diferentes grupos etarios, por medio de la Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico (TCHC). Fueron seleccionadas TCHC de 200 pacientes. La muestra final fue dividida en cuatro grupos de acuerdo con la edad: (1) 30-39 años; (2) 40-49 años; (3) 50-59 años y (4) +60 años. Tres examinadores calibrados evaluaron la presencia y localización (anterior, media o posterior) del septo del seno maxilar usando todas las secciones ortogonales. La prevalencia del septo por región y plano fue comparada mediante el test x-cuadrado. Entre los 359 senos maxilares evaluados, fue observado por lo menos un septo en 163 senos (45,4 %). Generalmente la región anterior fue la más prevalente. Sin embargo, cuando fueron considerados los grupos etarios, solamente la región anterior fue la más prevalente en los grupos 2 y 3. Las regiones media y posterior fueron las más prevalente en los grupos 4 y 1, respectivamente. La prevalencia del septo del seno maxilar en pacientes que son candidatos a tratamiento con implantes dentales fue notablemente alta. Se observó que la región anterior fue la más prevalente siendo las secciones axiales las más representativas.

ABSTRACT: Ankylosis is an anomaly of tooth eruption characterized by the fusion of cementum and alveolar bone, and may affect from small regions to the entire root surface. Clinical assessment combined with imaging exams can aid diagnosis. Radiographic testing enables assessing only proximal regions of possibly affected roots. Whereas cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) allows a three-dimensional assessment of axial, coronal, and sagittal planes of all dental extension, eliminating thus overlapping images and helping to confirm the correct diagnosis. The present study contains a case report of a male patient with ankylosis in tooth 16 diagnosed by CBCT, aiming at providing information for dentists about this anomaly, its characteristics and situations in which CBCT should be indicated.

RESUMEN: La anquilosis es una anomalía de la erupción del diente caracterizada por la fusión de cemento y hueso alveolar, y puede afectar desde pequeñas regiones hasta toda la superficie de la raíz. La evaluación clínica combinada con los exámenes de imagen puede ayudar a diagnosticar esta anomalía. Las pruebas radiográficas permiten evaluar sólo las regiones proximales de las raíces posiblemente afectadas. La tomografía computarizada de haz de cono (CBCT) permite una evaluación tridimensional de los planos axial, coronal y sagital de toda la extensión dental, eliminando así las imágenes superpuestas y ayudando a confirmar el diagnóstico correcto. En el presente estudio se presenta un reporte de caso de un paciente con anquilosis en el diente 16 diagnosticado por CBCT, con el objetivo de proporcionar información para los dentistas sobre esta anomalía, sus características y situaciones en las que debe indicarse la CBCT.

RESUMO A displasia fibrosa é uma lesão fibro-óssea benigna em que o osso normal é substituído por tecido conjuntivo fibroso e osso imaturo, podendo afetar um único osso (monostótica) ou vários ossos (poliostótica), ocorrendo principalmente em crianças e adultos jovens. Quando presente nos ossos faciais, a maxila é envolvida com mais frequência que a mandíbula, podendo causar assimetria facial, além de complicações odontológicas. Nos exames por imagem a característica principal da displasia fibrosa é a aparência de vidro despolido. A tomografia computadorizada é o método ideal para avaliação dessa lesão e relação com estruturas adjacentes. A radiografia convencional, devido a sobreposição de estruturas anatômicas, torna difícil a delimitação da extensão da lesão. O presente estudo teve como objetivo apresentar o relato de caso de um paciente do sexo feminino, 10 anos de idade, com presença de displasia fibrosa na maxila, objetivando orientar os cirurgiões-dentistas com relação às principais características imaginológicas dessa lesão.

ABSTRACT Fibrous dysplasia is a benign fibrous-osseous lesion in which normal bone is replaced by fibrous connective tissue and immature bone, affecting only one (monostotic) or several bones (polyostotic) and mainly occurring in children and young adults. When present in facial bones, the maxilla is more frequently involved than the mandible, which can cause facial asymmetry in addition to dental complications. In the image exams, the main characteristic of fibrous dysplasia is its unpolished glass appearance. Computed tomography is the ideal method for evaluating this lesion and its relationship with adjacent structures. The use of conventional radiography, due to the overlapping of anatomical structures, makes it difficult to delineate the extension of the lesion. The present study is aimed at guiding dentist-surgeons on the main imaging characteristics of fibrous dysplasia by describing a case of a female 10-year-old patient presenting with this lesion in the maxilla.

The aim of this report is to present a case of dens invaginatus asymptomatic discovered after exam cone beam computed tomography. A 20-year-old patient attended the clinic Radiology to perform tomography to fracture research at the root of the tooth 15. However, the examination was observed the presence of a conoid supernumerary tooth between the tooth located roots 11 and 12, which had a hyperdense line to the apex of the root, representing the invagination of the enamel, dens invaginatus feature. It was also observed extensive hypodense image in the periapical region, with areas of external resorption both in supernumerary tooth as we ll as the roots of teeth 11 and 12. The treatment consisted of surgery for dens invaginatus extraction. The dentists should be aware of the imaginological characteristics of the anomalies that can affect the teeth/jaws, which can be discovered in tests for routine imaging and proper conduct for the treatment of patients.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue presentar un caso dedens invaginatusasintomático descubierto en una tomografía computarizada de haz cónico. Un paciente de 20 años de edad acudió a la clínica radiológica para realizarse una tomografía producto una fractura radicular del diente 15. Sin embargo, en el exámen se observó la presencia de un diente supernumerario cónico localizado entre las raíces de los dientes 11 y 12, observando además una línea hiperdensa hacia el ápice de la raíz, que representa la invaginación del esmalte, característica propia de undens invaginatus.También se observó un área hipodensa en la región periapical, con áreas de reabsorción externa tanto en el diente supernumerario como en las raíces de los dientes 11 y 12. El tratamiento consistió en cirugía de extracción deldens invaginatus. Los dentistas deben conocer las características imagenológicas de las anomalías que pueden afectar a los dientes, las cuales pueden ser descubiertas en exámenes de rutina y también el protocolo adecuado de tratamiento de éstas.

The dentigerous cyst is one of the most frequently found in the jaws. They present themselves radiographically as radiolucent images and more commonly unilocular. They are usually observed at routine checkups or when investigating the presence of unerupted teeth. The dentigerous cyst occurs mainly in the first three decades of life, their growth is slow and asymptomatic. The third molars, as well as supernumerary teeth may be involved with the formation of a dentigerous cyst, but its pathogenesis is still not fully known. Decompression, marsupialization and enucleation are the main forms of treatment, but some criteria must be considered for the treatment plan, such as cyst size, age, proximity to noble anatomical structures and clinical importance of the tooth involved.In order to establish a correct diagnosis and treatment plan is essential to make use of complementary exams and now a days the cone beam computed tomography is the most complete and accurate method in diagnostic imaging used in these situations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to highlight, through the presentation of a clinical case, the importance of cone beam computed tomography in the diagnosis and treatment planning of a dentigerous cyst.

El quiste dentígero es una de las patologías óseas que más frecuentes en el maxilar y la mandíbula. Se evidencia radiográficamente como una imagen radiolúcida y unilocular en la mayoría de los casos. Generalmente es detectado en exámenes de rutina o cuando se investiga la presencia de dientes no erupcionados. El quiste dentígero aparece principalmente en las tres primeras décadas de vida, con crecimiento lento y asintomático. Los terceros molares,así como dientes supernumerarios, pueden estar relacionados con su formación, sin embargo, su etiopatología no es totalmente conocida. La descompresión, marsupialización y la enucleación son las principales formas de tratamiento, pero algunos criterios deben ser considerados, como tamaño del quiste, edad del paciente, proximidad con estructuras anatómicas nobles e importancia clínica del diente involucrado. Para que se establezca un correcto diagnóstico y plan de tratamiento es esencial la utilización de exámenes complementarios de calidad, siendo, actualmente, la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico el más completo y preciso método de diagnóstico por imagen empleado en estas lesiones. El objetivo de este estudio fue resaltar, por medio de la presentación de un caso clínico, la importancia de la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico en el diagnóstico y planeamiento quirúrgico de un quiste dentígero asociado a un diente no erupcionado.